besides
apart from
in addition to
aside from
on top of
这组短语都可以表示“除……以外”，指添加到整体之意。
1) Leukemia persons can obtain identical marrow found on other’s body besides
their relatives.
白血病人除了从亲戚那里也能别身体上获得相同的骨髓。
2) Apart from his astronomical work, Galileo made striking advance in optical
science and was one of the founders of the experimental science.
除了天文工作外，伽利略在光学也取得了令人瞩目的进成就，他是实验科学创始人之一。
3) In addition to the usual displays, U. S. museums also offer a great variety of
entertainment activities.
除了通常的展出外，美国博物馆也提供各种各样的娱乐活动。
4) Aside from property measures, the government has given greater assistance to
the poor,particularly those in the earthquake zones.
除了保护财产措施外，政府已经给穷人特别震区的穷人予以更大的援助。
5) He consented to help us and on top of that he lent us many reference books.
他答应帮助我们，除此之外他还借给我们许多参考书。
except
except for
with the exception of
other than
这组短语也都可以表示“除……以外”，except指从整体中“减除”，通常位于
句尾，位于句首时，则应用except for。except for用句尾则表示除外之物是与主语
不同之物。
1)You answered all the questions right except the last one
Except for the last one, you answered all the questions right.
除最后一个问题外，其它问题你都答对了。
2) Usually, all these factors may be neglected except under extreme cases.
通常，除了在极端的情况下所有这些因素都可以忽略。
3) Your composition is well written except for some spelling mistakes.
除了一些拼写错误外，你的作文写得很好。
4) The street was rather dark except for a few dim lights.
街道上除了有几盏昏暗的灯之外一片漆黑。
5)With the exception of aluminum, shiny metals, such as tin or copper, turn
into black powders when ground fine.
除了铝之外，闪光的金属如锡或铜磨细后变成黑色粉。
6) The presence of elements other than iron will greatly affect the physical
properties ofsteel.
除铁以外的其它元素的存在将大大影响钢的物理性质。
表“除……之外”经典考题：
1.Our class ________ sixty students．
A.is consisted of
B.consists of
C.makes up
D.makes up of
2.A university ________ of teachers, administrators and students．
A.consists
B.composes
C.includes
D.contains
3.Great Britain ________ three parts：England, Scotland and Northern Ireland．
A.makes up
B.is included
C.is made from
D.is made up of
4.The room was empty ________ one man seated beside the fire．
A.In addition to
B.other than
C.apart from
D.rather than
5.This crop does not do well in soils _______ the one for which it has been specially developed．
A.outside
B.other than
C.beyond
D.rather than
答案：BADCB