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快递的历史
History of Express Delivery
-01-
国外快递历史
公元前6世纪时，波斯帝国国王大流士以京城苏撒为中心，开辟了四通八达的驿道通信网。驿道宽敞，沿途设驿站，随时有信差备马以待，把国王的命令传达到帝国各省，各地的消息也通过这一通信网源源不断地呈送到国王面前。驿道从苏撒到小亚细亚西端的萨底斯，全程3000公里。
History of courier abroad
In the 6th century BC, Darius, king of the Persian Empire, established a network of post roads for communication, centred on the capital city of Susa. The post roads were spacious, with posts along the way, and messengers were on hand with horses at all times to carry the king's orders to the provinces of the empire, and a constant flow of news from all parts of the country was sent to the king through this network of communication. The post road ran from Susa to Sardis at the western end of Asia Minor, a distance of 3,000 kilometres.
通过驿站信差的日夜分段传递，信息7天就到达，效率非常高。人们常说“条条大路通罗马”。古罗马的首都有连接四方的宽阔大道。我国史书《后汉书.西域传》中，曾记载古罗马“列置邮亭”的情况：十里一亭，三十里一置。各国使者进入其境，都可直接乘驿到达其首都。
The messages arrived in seven days, which was very efficient, thanks to the day and night transmission by post couriers. It is often said that 'all roads lead to Rome'. The ancient Roman capital had wide roads connecting the four directions. In our history book "The Book of the Later Han Dynasty. In the Book of the Western Regions, it is recorded that in ancient Rome there were "pavilions": one pavilion for ten miles and one for thirty miles. All the countries could take the post directly to their capital when their envoys entered their territory.
Blue dream
-02-
公元前 500年，古代波斯有过“小马快递”的邮政业务。这种投递书信的方式，类似于国古代的“马递”，是用一种良种快马，再选用最精干的邮差，以最快速度传递军事文书和信件。
In 500 B.C., ancient Persia had a postal service called the "pony express". This method of delivering correspondence was similar to the ancient "horse delivery" of the country, using a good breed of fast horse and the most competent postmen to deliver military documents and letters as quickly as possible.
BLUE
DREAM
-03-
我国快递历史
快递活动在我国自古有之。我国古代快递又称“急传”，出现的时间相当早。
The history of courier in China
Courier activities in China since ancient times. China's ancient courier, also known as "urgent transmission", the emergence of time is quite early.
古代“快递员”
快递在中国周朝时便已出现。据《周礼秋官》记载，当时周王朝的官职中设置了主管邮驿的官员“行夫”，其职责要求是“虽道有难，而不时必达”。实际上，早在商朝已有近似于快递的驵传制度，并在殷墟甲骨文中得到证实。古代快递主要用于政令、军情传递，最原始、最主要的快递方式之一是“步传”，即靠人工步行投递。
Ancient "courier"
Courier in the Chinese Zhou Dynasty has appeared. According to the "Zhou Rites of Autumn", when the Zhou dynasty was set up in charge of the postal officials "Xingfu", whose duties require "although the road is difficult, and from time to time will reach". In fact, as early as the Shang dynasty, there was already a powerful horse transmission system similar to that of the courier, and this is confirmed by the oracle bone inscriptions at Yinxu. In ancient times, couriers were mainly used for the transmission of government orders and military information, and one of the most primitive and major courier methods was the "step transmission", which was delivered by hand on foot.
古代邮件的保密措施
为了预防中途泄密、被人拆看或伪造，不少特殊的手段得以采纳。防止泄密最重要的手段是密封。文书写在竹简上，传递之前将邮件捆扎妥当，在结绳处使用封泥，并盖上相关印玺，以防私拆。文书写在绢素上，则要装入书袋中。
Prevent from being opened. When the writing was on silk, it Secrecy measures for ancient mail.A number of special means were adopted to prevent leaks, openings or forgeries in mid-stream. The most important means of preventing leaks was sealing. When a document was written on bamboo, the mail was tied up properly before transmission, sealed with clay at the knotted cord, and stamped with the relevant seal to prevent iwas placed in a book bag.
在汉代，封装工具和手段更加丰富，外封套有函、囊等，根据物件的形状、大小，分别装入不同的外封套中。在唐代，公文邮件的封装通常要用囊封，尤其是密奏更要囊封。封泥不仅有保密作用，还有等级之区别。一般最高五封，最低三封。封泥越多，表明邮件越重要，所用的运输工具就更要考虑速度。
In the Han dynasty, the tools and means of encapsulation became more abundant, with outer envelopes such as letters and bags being put into different outer envelopes according to the shape and size of the object. In the Tang dynasty, the encapsulation of official documents and mail was usually sealed with a capsule, especially for secret messages. The envelopes were not only kept secret, but also differentiated by rank. The maximum number of seals was five and the minimum three. The more seals there were, the more important the mail was, and the faster the means of transport used.
古代“快递程限”
汉代继承了秦代“五里一邮，十里一亭”的做法，在“五里一邮”的基础上，于交通要道上，隔30里建一“置”，即“改邮为置”。置，即“驿置”，又叫“传置”。当时的邮驿机构已有专用车，这种专用车称为“传车”。用车快递称为“传”，用马快递称为“驿”。鉴于马比马拉着车跑要快。东汉以后，车辆逐渐被淘汰，马成为快递的主要交通工具，称为“马递”。这时，传递文书的机构多称为“驿置”。
Ancient "Express Distance"
The Han Dynasty inherited the practice of "one post for five miles and one pavilion for ten miles" from the Qin Dynasty, and on the basis of "one post for five miles", a "place" was built at 30-mile intervals on major transport routes, namely "The post was changed to a post. It was also known as a "post office", or a "transmission office". At that time, the postal agencies already had special vehicles, which were called "transmission vehicles". Express delivery by car was called "Chuan" and express delivery by horse was called "Ye". Given that a horse was faster than a horse pulling a cart, the postal service was gradually phased out. After the Eastern Han Dynasty, vehicles were gradually eliminated, the horse became the main means of transport for express delivery, known as "horse delivery". At this time, the institution for the transmission of documents was mostly called "yiji".
唐代快递果品水产
魏晋时期，中国出现了第一部专门的邮政法规《邮驿令》，这在中国邮政史上具有里程碑意义。隋唐时期，快递业更为发达。在唐玄宗时期，全国大约有1639个驿站，其中水驿260个，陆驿1297个，水陆相兼驿86个。唐代已开始用快递运送水产、水果。当时的平原郡(今山东境内)进贡螃蟹，使用的便是快递。此外，唐代最著名的快递业务是给杨贵妃送荔枝，诗人杜牧是这样写的:“长安北望绣成堆，山顶千门次第开。一骑红尘妃子笑， 无人知是荔枝来。”
Express Fruit Aquatic Products in the Tang Dynasty
During the Wei and Jin dynasties, China saw the emergence of the first special postal regulation, the Post and Post Order, which was a milestone in Chinese postal history. During the Sui and Tang dynasties, the express industry became even more developed. During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, there were about 1,639 post stations in the country, including 260 water stations, 1,297 land stations and 86 water and land stations. In the Tang Dynasty, express delivery of fish and fruits began. At that time, the plain county (now in Shandong) used couriers to deliver crabs. In addition, the most famous courier service in the Tang Dynasty was the delivery of lychees to Yang Guifei, as written by the poet Du Mu: "Looking north at Chang'an, the embroidery is piled up, and a thousand doors open at the top of the mountain. The concubine smiled as she rode on the red dust, but no one knew it was a lychee."
Blue dream
参考资料：《快递网络:复杂性及规划运营管理》
翻译：百度翻译
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