北京市2020届高三英语模拟试题
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）
第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
My classmates and I had a really unforgettable experience，which made us very happy. We paid avisit ___1___Lucy’s house yesterday. We didn’t have difficulty finding her house because she___2___ (give) us clear directions. When we arrivedat her house, her mother was preparing food for us.
Then we began to help with the cooking. About an hour later, the food was ready, and we sat at the table enjoying the delicious food including fish and ___3___ (vegetable). Finally we went to Ann’s room where we watched our favourite TV programme together. ___4___ (decorate) with flowers andballoons, the room was warm and comfortable.
【答案】
1.to
2. had given
3. vegetables
4. Decorated
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章记叙了作者和同班同学昨天到露西家做客的愉快经历。
【1题详解】
考查介词。表示“参观……”，应用pay a visit to sp.，是固定表达。故该空填介词to。
【2题详解】
考查时态。句意：因为她已经给了我们清楚的说明，所以，我们毫无困难的找到了她的家。根据语境，“她给我们说明”发生在“我们找到她的家”之前，即过去的过去，故该句应用过去完成时态，填had given。
【3题详解】
考查名词。vegetable是可数名词，空前无冠词，故应用名词复数形式。故填vegetables。
【4题详解】
考查非谓语动词。逗号之前是状语，主语the room和decorate之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作状语，故填Decorated。
B
The beautiful canola (油菜) flowers in spring attracted a large number ofvisitors to Hanzhong, a city in the south of western Shaanxi province. The city’s 9th annual canola flower festival ___5___ (start) on March 13 and ended on May 1, 2018.
There were more than 600 square kilometers of canola fields in Hanzhong, ___6___ created unique scenery. About 50 observation spots___7___ (design) for the tourists throughout the city.
【答案】
5.started
6. which
7. were designed
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了2018年杭州第九届油菜花节的相关情况。
【5题详解】
考查时态。根据时间状语“on May 1, 2018”可知，该句叙述的是发生在过去的情况，应用一般过去时态，故填started。
【6题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：汉中有600多平方公里的油菜花，创造了独特的风景。逗号后是非限制性定语从句，修饰more than 600 square kilometers of canola fields，引导词在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词which引导该从句，故填which。
【7题详解】
考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：为全市游客设计了大约50个观光点。根据上文，该句叙述的是2018年的情况，该应用一般过去时态。主语about 50 observation spots和design之间是被动关系，该句应用被动语态，主语为名词复数形式，根据主谓一致原则，该空应填were designed。
C
25 people were killed and 50 injured on Wednesday in a train accident in Cairo,which surprised local people. According to the BBC, Prime Minister Mostafa Madbouli visited the scene and he said ___8___ cause was not yet known,
but Egypt's police were conducting an investigation (进行调查) ___9___ (find) the reason of the accident. Egypt hadone of the ___10___ (old) and largest rail networks, and crashes and other accidents were common.
【答案】
8.the
9. to find
10. oldest
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了周三发生在开罗的火车事故的相关情况。
【8题详解】
考查冠词。___1___ cause是主语，且该处特指周三开罗火车事故的原因，表特指，应用冠词the。
【9题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：埃及警方正在进行一项调查，以查明事故原因。“___2___ (find) the reason of the accident”是目的状语，表目的，应用动词不定式，故填to find。
【10题详解】
考查形容词最高级。该空修饰rail networks，和largest并列，形式应该一致，故填old的最高级oldest。
第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Geraniums of Love
As the fifth of seven children, I went to the same public school as my three eldersisters and brother. Every year, my mother went to the same ceremony and had parent-child interviews（亲子交流会）with the same teachers. The only thing different was the child. And every child ___11___ an old
Geraniums school tradition—the annual plant sale（拍卖会）held in early May, just in time for ___12___ Day.
Third grade was the first time that I was allowed to take part in the plant sale. Iwanted to surprise my mother. ___13___ I didn't have any money. I went to my eldest sister and ___14___ the secret, and she gave me some money. When I arrived at the plant sale, I carefully made my ___15___.
I agonized（苦苦思索）over that decision, ___16___each plant to ensure that I had indeed found the best geranium. The moment I had smuggled it home, with the help of my sister, I ___17___it on the upstairs neighbor’s porch. I was very afraid my mother would find it before Mother's Day, but my sister assured me that she wouldn't, and ___18___ she did not.
When Mother's Day arrived, I was bursting with pride when I gave her that geranium. I remember how bright her eyes were, and how delighted she was with my ___19___.
Theyear I was fifteen, my younger sister reached third grade. In early May, she came to me full of wonder and secrecy and told me that there was going to be aplant sale at school and she wanted to _____20_____our mother. Like my _____21_____ sister did for me,
I gave her some money and off she went. She arrived at home full of _____22_____excitement, the geranium hidden in a paper bag _____23_____her sweater. “I looked at every plant,” she explained, “and I know I got the _____24_____ one!”
I helped my little _____25_____ hide that geranium on the upstairs neighbor's porch, assuring that our mother wouldn't find it before Mother's Day. I was there when she gave my mother the geranium, and I watched them both bursting with pride and _____26_____.
It was like being in a dream I had already dreamed. My mother noticed me _____27_____, and she gave me a soft secret smile. Shocked and puzzled, I _____28_____ back.
I had been wondering how my mother could _____29_____ to be surprised at this gift from her sixth child. But as I watched her eyes light up with delight as she was _____30_____ with that most precious gift, I knew she was not pretending.
11.
A. passed down
B.participated in
C.broke with
D.carried on
12.
A. Women’s
B.Father’s
C.Children’s
D.Mother's
13.
A. Besides
B.Moreover
C.However
D.Therefore
14.
A. shared
B.discovered
C.guarded
D.unlocked
15.
A. plan
B.preparation
C.present
D.selection
16.
A. watering
B.growing
C.inspecting
D.protecting
17.
A. showed
B.potted
C.packaged
D.hid
18.
A. indeed
B.instead
C.properly
D.anyhow
19.
A. performance
B.grades
C.gift
D.presence
20.
A. inspire
B.surprise
C.satisfy
D.relax
21.
A. youngest
B.eldest
C.cleverest
D.bravest
22.
A. nervous
B.youthful
C.increasing
D.false
23.
A. on
B.beside
C.behind
D.under
24.
A. shortest
B.rarest
C.best
D.strongest
25.
A. sister
B.brother
C.cousin
D.friend
26.
A. confusion
B.anxiety
C.delight
D.astonishment
27.
A. listening
B.watching
C.smelling
D.tasting
28.
A. waved
B.smiled
C.signed
D.called
29.
A. pretend
B.continue
C.appear
D.try
30.
A. impressed
B.satisfied
C.associated
D.presented
【答案】
11.B 12. D 13. C 14. A 15. D
16. C 17. D 18. A 19. C 20. B
21. B 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. A
26. C 27. B 28. B 29. A 30. D
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。作者回忆了自己和妹妹在母亲节给母亲送生日“惊喜”的故事。
【11题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。pass down把……传下去；participate in参加；break with和……断绝关系；carry on继续，坚持。学校每年举行一次植物拍卖会，那么，学校的每个孩子都要参加。下文中的“I was allowed to take part in the plant sale”亦是呼应。故B选项正确。
【12题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。woman女人；father父亲；child孩子，儿童；mother母亲。根据下文中的“before Mother's Day”可知，D选项正确。由常识也可知，母亲节在五月。
【13题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。besides此外；moreover而且，此外；however但是；therefore因此。前文提到：我想给母亲一个惊喜。该句提到：我没有钱。上下文之间是转折关系，故C选项正确。
【14题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。share分享；discover发现；guard守卫；unlock打开，揭开。根据后文“she gave me some money”可知，姐姐给了作者钱。由此可以推知，作者应该是把自己要给母亲惊喜这件事告诉了姐姐，即和姐姐“分享”了这个秘密。故A选项正确。
【15题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。plan计划；preparation准备；present礼物；selection挑选。根据下文中的“agonized（苦苦思索）over that decision”可知，作者要决定给母亲买什么，即“进行挑选”。故D选项正确。
【16题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。water浇水；grow种植，生长；inspect检查，审视，视察；protect保护。作者为了确保找到最好的天竺葵，当然要仔细观看每一株植物。故C选项正确。
【17题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。show展示；pot；package；hide藏。上文提到作者想要给母亲惊喜，所以她当然要把天竺葵“藏”起来。故D选项正确。
【18题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。indeed的确；instead代替；properly恰当地；anyhow不管怎样。我姐姐向我保证母亲不会发现这株天竺葵，的确，母亲没有发现。A选项正确。
【19题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。performance表演；grade年级；gift礼物；presence出席，到场。母亲节那天，作者将天竺葵送给母亲，母亲对于孩子送的“礼物”很开心。C选项正确。
【20题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。inspire鼓舞；surprise使惊讶；satisfy使满意；relax放松。作者的妹妹向作者借钱，也想要给母亲一个惊喜。故B选项正确。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。young年轻的；old老的；clever聪明的；brave勇敢的。根据上文中的“I went to my eldest sister”可知，作者原来是向自己的大姐借的钱。故B选项正确。eldest意为“最年长的”。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。nervous紧张的；youthful年轻的；increasing不断增长的；false错误的。根据后文中的“the geranium hidden in a paper bag”可知，作者的妹妹把给母亲买的礼物藏在袋子里。由此可以推知，作者的妹妹既为买了礼物高兴，又担心被母亲发现，所以她有点“紧张”，故A选项正确。
【23题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。on在……上面；beside在……旁边；behind在……后面；under在……下面。根据前文中的hidden可以推知，妹妹应该是把袋子藏在毛衣的下面，以防被发现。故D选项正确。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。short短的；rare罕见的；good好的；strong强壮的，结实的。妹妹看了每一株植物，她当然是要找“最好”的。故C选项正确。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。sister姐（妹）；brother兄（第）；cousin堂兄弟；friend朋友。根据该段中的“my younger sister”可知，作者帮助自己的“妹妹”把花藏了起来。故A选项正确。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。confusion困惑；anxiety焦虑；delight高兴；astonishment惊讶。收到女儿送的礼物，母亲当然“高兴”，女儿为自己的行为感动“骄傲自豪”，下文中的“as I watched her eyes light up with delight”亦是提示。故C选项正确。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。listen听；watch观看；smell闻；taste品尝。根据上文的“I watched them”可知，作者看着发生的一切。故B选项正确。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。wave挥手；smile微笑；sign签名；call打电话。上文提到“she gave me a soft secret smile”，作者也回以母亲微笑。B选项正确。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。pretend假装；continue继续；appear出现；try尝试。根据最后一句“I knew she was not pretending”可知，作者怀疑母亲在假装惊讶。A选项正确。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。impress给……留下印象；satisfy使满意；associate把……联系在一起；present呈现，赠送。根据上文中的“when she gave my mother the geranium”可知，作者妹妹送给母亲礼物，即：母亲被赠送礼物。故D选项正确。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
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31. Which magazine will you subscribe if you want to send a gift to a5-year-old girl?
A. Taste of Home.
B.PopularScience.
C. Disney Princess.
D.NationalGeographic Kids.
32. What is SPECIAL about NationalGeographic Kids?
A. It combines fun with learning.
B. There are articles about scientific discoveries.
C. Kids can learn science, technology, and the animal kingdom.
D. It is a publication about what is popular in the world of science.
33. Where can you find the passage?
A. A newspaper.
B. A guidebook.
C. A magazine
D. A website.
【答案】31.C 32. A 33. D
【解析】
这是一篇广告类的说明文。DisCountMages向读者推荐了几个他们可能喜欢的期刊杂志，欢迎人们订阅。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Disney Princess magazine is the perfect magazine for any little girl”可知，Disney Princess是适合小女孩的完美礼物。所以你想送给5岁小女孩礼物的话，适合订阅Disney Princess。故C选项正确。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But the real beauty of National Kids is its philosophy of making learning fun”可知，National Geographic Kids真正的美在于它使得学习成为乐趣，即：将学习和乐趣结合在了一起。故A选项正确。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据“For more information, please
click https://www.discountmags.com/.”中的click（点击）可知，只有网站上有网址链接可以点击。故D选项正确。
B
Losing a wallet is one of those careless acts most of us have come across, at somepoint or the other in our lives. While most of us tend to move on after mourning over the lost necessities, there are a few lucky ones who get them back,with the help of the police or the generosity of the person who finds it.
And then there is Hunter Shamatt, who not only got back his wallet but with some added happiness that was tagged along!
Hunter was on his way to attend his sister’s wedding on a Las Vegas-bound flight when he realized that he has misplaced his wallet, sometime during the journey.Hunter’s family reached out to the Frontier flight to enquire if someone had handed it over to them. Unfortunately, there was no sign of the missing wallet.
But wait. The story was far from over. Just a week after Hunter’s sister’s wedding,he received a package in his mail. And guess what? There was his wallet!Surprisingly, the wallet was not the only thing that was inside the package. Italso had a handwritten note for Hunter which turned out to be a bonus! The piece of paper read,
“Hunter, Found this on a Frontier flight fromOmaha to Denver — row 12, seat F wedged between the seat and wall. Thought youmight want it back. All the best. P.S. I rounded your cash up to an even $100, soyou could celebrate getting your wallet back. HAVE FUN!!!”
Moved by the touching gesture, Hunter’s mom, Jeannie Shamatt, decided to write a poston Facebook giving a detailed description of the incident. She also urged everyoneto share the post as she would like to meet and greet the person behind the actof kindness, personally.
Now,thanks to the astonishing power of social media, the post finally reached the man behind the note. The man was identified as Todd Brown and it was one of hisco-workers who made sure Jeannie Shamatt’s post reaches his colleague. Jeannie turned to Facebook again to thank Brown and his family for restoring her faithin humanity.
“I try to teach my children to do the right things in life, help people when youcan regardless of the outcome. This story is more about restoring faith in people than anything. We hear a lot of bad news but not enough good news. I personally want to thank Todd Brown and his wife for restoring faith that there are amazing people out there.”
34. How did Hunter Shamatt get his wallet back?
A. Todd Brown sent it back.
B. The police mailed it back.
C. He found the wallet by himself.
D. The Frontier flight helped him get it back.
35. What things were found in the package?
A. A wallet and a tag. B. A wallet and a note.
C. A note and a tag. D.A mail and a tag.
36. How did Hunter’s mom feel after receiving the package?
A. Touched. B.Uninterested.
C. Satisfied. D.Confused.
37. What does the author intend to convey?
A. Friendship. B. Freedom.
C. Kindness. D.Justice.
【答案】34.A 35. B 36. A 37. C
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了Todd Brown捡到Hunter的钱包，将其寄还给Hunter的故事。体现了Todd Brown善良，拾金不昧的品质。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Just a week after Hunter’s sister’s wedding, he received a packagein his mail. And guess what? There was his wallet! … It also had a handwritten note …
“Hunter, Found this on a Frontierflight from Omaha to Denver — row 12, seat F wedged between the seat and wall.Thought you might want it back. All the best. … Now, thanks to the astonishing power of social media, the post finally reached the man behind the note. Theman was identified as Todd Brown”可知，Todd Brown捡到了Hunter的钱包，然后将它通过邮递的方式寄还给了Hunter。故A选项正确。
35题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“And guess what? There was his wallet! Surprisingly, the wallet wasnot the only thing that was inside the package. It also had a handwritten notefor Hunter”可知，包裹里不仅有钱包而且有一张便条。故B选项正确。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“Moved by the touching gesture, Hunter’s mom, Jeannie Shamatt,decided to write a post on Facebook”可知，Hunter母亲被Todd Brown拾金不昧的行为感动了。故A选项正确。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章叙述了Todd Brown捡到Hunter的钱包，将其寄还给Hunter的故事。这个故事体现了Todd Brown善良，拾金不昧的品质。故C选项正确。
【点睛】细心审题，直接就题找答案。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而应采取“带着问题找答案”的方法，先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。
例如在第三小题中，考生可以直接根据题干中的“Hunter’s mom”锁定信息在倒数第三段中的“Moved by the touchinggesture, Hunter’s mom, Jeannie Shamatt…”。
C
Learning New Vocabulary during Deep Sleep
Sleeping time is sometimes considered unproductive time. This raises the question whether the time spent asleep could be used more productively, e.g. for learning a new language? Up-to-now sleep research focused on the stabilization and strengthening of memories that had been formed during wakefulness.
However,learning during sleep has rarely been examined. There is enough evidence forwake-learned information undergoing a revision by replay in the sleeping brain.The replay during sleep strengthens the still weak memory and leaves the newlyacquired information in the pre-existing store of knowledge.
If re-play during sleep improves the storage of wake-learned information, then first-play, i.e. the initial processing of new information, should also be possible during sleep.
There search group of Katharina Henke examined whether a sleeping person is able toform new semantic（语义的）associations between played foreign words and translation words during the brain cells’ active states, the so-called“Up-states.”
It turned out to be that what they thought was reasonable. When we reach deep sleep stages, our brain cells progressively coordinate their activity. During deep sleep,
the brain cells are commonly active for a brief period of time before they jointly enter into a state of brief inactivity. The active state is called “Up-state” and the inactive state “Down-state”. The two states alternate（交替）about every half-second.
New evidence for sleep-learning challenges current theories of sleep and theories of memory. The concept of sleep that we are separated from the physicalenvironment is no longer reasonable.
"It’s false that complex learning be impossible during deep sleep," says Simon Ruch, co-first-author. "In how far and with what consequences deep sleep can be applied for the acquisition of new information will be a topic of research in upcoming years,"says Katharina Henke.
There search group of Katharina Henke is part of the Interfaculty ResearchCooperation (IRC). Thirteen research groups in medicine, biology and psychology are part of the IRC. The aim of these research groups is to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms（原理）involved in sleep and consciousness.
38. Which of the followings haven’t sleep researchers achieved so far?
A. People can learn vocabulary during deep sleep.
B. Memories can be stable and strong during sleep.
C. Wake-learned information can appear in the sleeping brain.
D. Re-play during sleep improves the storage of wake-learned information.
39. What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?
A. “Up-state” and “Down-state” appear in turn during deep sleep.
B. “Up-states” is another name for the brain cells’ active states.
C. Semantic associations are important for language learning.
D. The brain cells’ active states are central for sleep-learning.
40. What will researchers do within several years according to thepassage?
A. Make study in the following fields such as medicine and biology.
B. Separate us from the physical environment.
C. Apply deep sleep for information learning.
D. Discover the concept of sleep.
41. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To introduce a new way of vocabulary learning.
B. To gain a better understanding of the mechanisms.
C. To challenge current theories of sleep and theories of memory.
D. To explain the possibility of vocabulary learning during deep sleep.
【答案】38.A 39. D 40. C 41. D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章通过研究，论证了在睡眠过程中学习新的语言的可能性。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“This raises the question whether the time spent asleep could beused more productively, e.g. for learning a new language? Up-to-now sleepresearch focused on the stabilization and strengthening of memories that hadbeen formed during wakefulness. However, learning during sleep has rarely beenexamined.”
可知，到目前为止，有关睡眠的研究中心为：清醒时形成的记忆会保持稳定性，同时会得到增强。然而，睡眠的时间能否被更高效的使用，例如学习一门新语言，几乎没有被研究。故A选项切题。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The research group of Katharina Henke examined whether a sleeping person is able to form new semantic（语义的）associations between played foreign words and translation words during the brain cells’ active states, the so-called “Up-states.” It turned out to be that what they thought was reasonable”
可知，研究小组研究了睡觉的人是否能够在脑细胞活动状态下，即所谓的“Up-states”，在被播放的外来词和翻译之间形成新的语义联系。结果证明他们的想法是合理的。这就表明，当大脑处于“Up-states”时，可以进行语言学习。在这个过程中，“Up-states”起着关键作用。故D选项正确。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“…deep sleep can be applied for the acquisition of new informationwill be a topic of research in upcoming years”可知，在未来几年中，如何运用深层睡眠获取新信息将是研究的主题。故C选项正确。
【41题详解】
主旨大意题。第一段提出问题：This raises the question whether the time spent asleep could be used more productively, e.g. for learning a new language? 是否可以更有效地利用睡眠时间，例如用于学习一种新语言？第二段回答该问题：then first-play, i.e. the initial processing ofnew information, should also be possible during sleep.……
对新信息的初始处理，在睡眠期间也应该是可能的。第三段通过研究提出证据证明了第二段的理论。最后两段进行了一些补充说明。因此，整篇文章的写作目的就是为了说明：在睡眠中，学习新的语言是可能的。故D选项正确。
D
The Secret to Happiness
An ew report makes it clear that when it comes to the life satisfaction of UKcitizens, the ball is in the government’s court. For some time, sensible people have been arguing that governments need to focus less on economic growth and more on the wellbeing（幸福）of citizens. Be careful what you wish for.
In response to this demand, from 2011 David Cameron instructed the Office for National Statistics to gather data on people’s self-reported happiness and life satisfaction. Little practical good has come from this so far,
but a new report by George Bangham for the Resolution Foundation is one of the best attempts to make useful sense of the data.
He concludes: “The best prospects for policy makers targeting future increases in national well being lie in raising job quality, raising incomes, particularly at the lower end, and policies to improve security in the housing market.”
The age correlation（相关）turns out to be certainly linked to politics,despite the fact that no political party can make a difference to your date of birth. The happiness of pensioners is not just a function of their age, but ofpolicy.
On average, 70-year-old boomers today are the most affluent retirees in history, often owning their own homes and in receipt of generous pensions. People of 70 are not going to be as content in 30 or 40 years’ time if they are unable to retire, don’t own their homes and have small incomes.
However,there is one respect in which teens and recent retirees are remarkably similar.Compared to other age groups, they tend to inhabit a sweet spot of having high degrees of freedom.
The typical 16-year-old has new freedoms without everhaving had any serious responsibilities. The typical 70-year-old, havingexperienced a lifetime of work and family duties, has a very different kind of freedom, one born from relief.
Besides，it should not surprise us to find that people tend to be happier when they have fewer worries. But this, too, has important political implications. If the government is really interested in raising overall national happiness, it has to make sure as many citizens as possible feel secure in their health, their housing and their incomes.
Different states’ records in achieving this is one important reason why Nordic countries repeatedly score highly in international life satisfaction surveys and North America underperforms relative to its GDP.
Whichever way you look at it, there is no escaping the conclusion that increasing well being across society requires joined-up, long-term policy efforts. This is exactly what the Resolution Foundation recommends.
42.What can be conveyed from the sentence “the ball is in the government’s court” in Paragraph 1?
A. The government officials are fond of playing ball games.
B. The government determines national happiness.
C. The government makes citizens feel happy.
D. The government is in a ball game.
43.What does the underlined word “affluent” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A.Responsible. B.Careful.
C.Honest. D.Rich.
44.According tothe author, the secret to happiness is freedom and_________.
A.income B.health
C.security D.destiny
45.What is the author’s attitude to the function of government on national happiness?
A.Negative. B.Positive.
C.Doubtful. D.Unsatisfactory.
【答案】42.B 43. D 44. C 45. B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章通过论述，告诉读者：提高全社会的福祉需要共同的、长期的政策努力。政府在提高全民幸福感方面起着关键作用。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“For some time, sensible people have been arguing that governments need to focus less on economic growth and more on the wellbeing（幸福）of citizens.”
可知，一段时间以来，明智的人们一直认为，政府需要少关注经济增长，多关注公民的福祉。由此可知，公民是否幸福取决于政府对此的关注度。故“the ball is in the government’s court”想表达的意思应该是“公民的幸福取决于政府”，故B选项正确。
【43题详解】
词义猜测题。根据后文的“often owning their own homes and in receipt of generous pensions”可知，第一批“婴潮者”现在70来岁，他们拥有自己的房子并领取可观的退休金。由此推知，这些人生活很富足，故划线单词意思为“富有的”，D选项正确。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“If the government is really interested in raising overall national happiness, it has to make sure as many citizens as possible feel secure intheir health, their housing and their incomes.”
可知，如果政府真的对提高整体国民幸福感兴趣，就必须确保尽可能多的公民在健康、住房和收入方面感到安全。由此可知，安全感是衡量人们是否幸福的一个关键标准。故C选项正确。
【45题详解】
观点态度题。根据第一段中的“A new report makes it clear that when it comes to the life satisfaction of UK citizens, the ball is in the government’s court”可知，政府决定着公民们的幸福感。第二段到第四段对此进行了具体阐述。最后一段中的“there is no escaping the conclusion that increasing wellbeing across society requires joined-up, long-term policy efforts.”
得出结论，提高全社会的福祉需要共同的、长期的政策努力。综上，整篇文章一直在强调政府在公民的幸福方面起着关键作用。故作者对此持积极态度。B选项正确。
【点睛】根据语境猜测词义：语境既上下文。由于上下文中的生词不是孤立存在的，其词义与句中其它词的词义或具体的语境有着密切的联系。因此在阅读过程中，许多生词的词义可以充分利用上下文中相关的词汇，短语并结合具体的语境来推测。例如在第二小题中，考生必须根据下文“often owning their own homes and in receipt of generous pensions”才可以推知画线词语的意思。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A Diet Without Enough Protein Can Cause Depression
Depression is a condition so common, the World Health Organization (WHO) calls it “a leading cause of disability.”
Difficulty in falling asleep, loss of appetite, and loss of ability to concentrate are just a few of the other effects of depression. WHO estimates that worldwide, at any one time, 350 million people suffer from the condition. While life events such as the loss of a spouse or a job may create a happening of depression,many cases come from within and are not caused by a life event.
Now scientists are working on a new aspect of cure: nutrition. ___46___ The Indian Journal ofPsychiartry reports that both before and during a happening of depression,those with the condition will show a “poor appetite…” ___47___ Many cases of depression, if not most cases, affect those who don’t eat properly.
So what does proteinhave to do with all this? It all comes down to amino acids (氨基酸).Proteins are made up of amino acids, chemicals known as the “building blocks oflife.” There are 20 different amino acids. ___48___
Both the human brain and nervous system use amino acids as a substance that createsa signal from one brain cell to another or one nerve cell to another, thus relaying information between the cells. What the final result then? ___49___
Since amino acids make up protein, a diet which lacks in protein will cause weaker communication between the brain cells. This lessens the signal being sent fromone brain cell to the next during a thought. ___50___This is why depression can often express itself as anger or aggression.
A. The ultimate effectis how we think.
B. Don't ruin yourappetite by eating between meals.
C. Skipping meals itselfcan create a depressed mood.
D. A new research suggests that nutrition can lessen some of the risks of depression.
E. India is perhaps theworld’s leader in researching the connection between diet and depression.
F. Many of them are madeby the human body, but nine others, the “essential” amino acids, must be eaten in one’s diet.
G. The process can lead to twisted signals, which can not only lead to depression, but also, according to many scientists, aggression.
【答案】
46.E
47. C
48. F
49. A
50. G
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章表明：通过营养饮食可以在一定程度上治疗抑郁。文章详细介绍了“营养”和“抑郁”的关系。
【46题详解】
前一句提到：科学家们正在致力于治疗抑郁症一种方法：营养。下一句提到了印度精神病学杂志的报告。该空位于中间，选项中和前后句都有联系的只有E选项：在研究饮食和抑郁症之间的联系方面，印度也许是世界上领先的国家。故选E。
【47题详解】
前一句提到：《印度精神病学杂志》报道，在抑郁症发生之前和期间，有这种情况的人将显示出一个“食欲减退......”后一句提到：许多抑郁症的病例，如果不是大多数的话，都会影响那些没有适当饮食的人。选项中只有C选项提到不当饮食：不吃饭本身就会造成抑郁情绪。
【48题详解】
前一句提到：有20种不同的氨基酸。该空承接上文，应该提到和氨基酸有关的话题，故F选项切题：其中许多（氨基酸）是由人体制造的，但另外九种，即“必需的”氨基酸，必须在饮食中食用。
【49题详解】
上文提到：人类大脑和神经系统都使用氨基酸作为一种物质，从一个脑细胞向另一个脑细胞或从一个神经细胞向另一个神经细胞发出信号，从而在细胞之间传递信息。最后的结果是什么？那么该句应该回答这个问题，提到最后的结果。故A选项正确：最终的效果是我们的思考方式。
【50题详解】
上文提到：由于氨基酸构成了蛋白质，缺乏蛋白质的饮食会导致脑细胞间的交流减弱。这减少了思考过程中从一个脑细胞发送到另一个脑细胞的信号。G选项正确：这一过程可能导致信号扭曲，这不仅可能导致抑郁，而且，根据许多科学家的说法，攻击性。这就是为什么抑郁常常表现为愤怒或侵略。
第三部分书面表达（共两节，35分）
第一节（15分）
51.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请给你同班的美国留学生Jim写一封电子邮件，邀请他周末到学校对面刚开业的文化中心去做义工。
内容包括：
1. 目的和意义；
2. 时间、地点和内容；
3. 请求回复。
注意：
1. 词数不少于50；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】DearJim,
I'm writing this letter to invite you to the Cultural Center of our city to do voluntary work with us on Sunday, which can make our spare time more meaningful.
The Cultural Center lies opposite to our school. Since it's newly opened, lots of people are needed to offer help. We are expected to help do some cleaning and keep order. We can also hand out flyers, providing visitors with more detailed information to make their visits more enjoyable. We can not only help others but at the same time enrich our own life.
I hope you can join us. It will be of great benefit to you. Your early reply is greatly appreciated.
Yours
Li Hua
【解析】
这是一篇半开放式作文。要求你给同班的美国留学生Jim写一封电子邮件，邀请他周末去做义工。
【详解】题目要求和内容难度不大，比较好写。因为所给提示内容发挥空间比较大，考生首先要明确自己要写的具体内容，列出写作大纲，然后在遣词造句方面对主体内容进行扩展。切忌边想边写。整篇文章应该以现在时态和将来时态为主。
【点睛】所给范文内容丰富具体，条理明确，长短句交叉使用，行文流畅。充分利用了一些较高级的词汇和句式，例如：1. 非谓语动词（to invite you to the Cultural Center of our city to do voluntary work；providing visitors with more detailed information）2. 定语从句（which can make our sparetime more meaningful）
3. be of great benefit等，使文章增色不少。